Meanwhile, authors and artists, due to their capabilities and sensitivities, fight against and criticize severely the shortcomings of such societies. Hence, the construction of network societies has gained pivotal significance in the literature of some Western countries where multicultural politics is welcomed. Any researcher seeking to examine major economic and cultural challenges in the world should consider the transition from the modern and post-communist period to the collapse of illusory walls and the creation of a vast network of exchanges and, consequently, the formation of new communities. Geographic boundaries are integrated based on the experience and translation of these very same literary words, and this common understanding has resonated in the four corners of the world.
Literature has always been the symbolic representation of the identity and culture of people. identity and literature, are inextricably tied together, as if they emerge from each other.
Although identity has never been considered the major concern of literature, these two concepts, i.e. Throughout history, literature and identity have continually hinged upon macroeconomic and economic policies, thus the latter are deemed to be influential in the construction of philosophical and sociopolitical theory. Values, and how they shape and reconstruct identities to lead the world toward fabricated truths and values, and terminate in dystopia. What exactly happens to human and semi-human characters in Atwood’s trilogy is the result of Fourth World structures and Humankind, in this wheel, is just a toy in the hands of an intelligence broker. the power of the network society, network communication and media. The Fourth World and its political peculiarities reflect contemporary powers, i.e. Identity as the main determining factor in the Fourth World represents personal and public privileges, characteristics, and means of differentiating oneself from others. The trilogy literarily reflects a global crisis that ultimately leads to dystopia and the destruction of the human race: what remains of humanity is a small group of survivors who must struggle to conserve what remains of humanity.
Within the Castellsian theoretical matrix of the Fourth World and politics of identity, the present study seeks to investigate the true nature of the futuristic world Margaret Atwood hasĬreated in the MaddAddam trilogy. With the advent of the 21st century, the way characters and identities interact under the influence of dominant powers has brought a new world into existence, a world dubbed by Manuel Castells as the ‘Fourth World’.
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